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The main criminal court of first instance is the Crown Court,
which deals with all criminal proceedings on indictment, except
for some comparatively minor indictable offences where the defendant
exercises his option to be tried instead by a magistrates’
court.
In all cases which come before the Crown Court there
will of course have been a preliminary hearing before magistrates
or, in very rare cases, a finding by a coroner’s court
that death resulted from criminal action on the part of named
persons.
Cases heard by the Crown Court are divided into four categories:
-Class One. These include murder, treason, and genocide.
-Class Two. These include manslaughter, rape and any other serious
sexual offences, sedition, mutiny, piracy, and offences under
the Geneva Conventions Act, which is mainly concerned with securing
the humane treatment of prisoners of war.
-Class Three. These include all indictable offences not included
in classes One, Two, or Four.
-Class Four. These include the comparatively minor indictable
offences where the defendant has the option to have them dealt
with by either the magistrates’ court or by the Crown
Court, and also certain common but serious offences, among which
are causing death by reckless or dangerous driving and burglary.
The main significance of this classification is that different
degrees of offences are dealt with by different ranks of judges.
The Crown Court for the City of London is known officially as
the Central Criminal Court, and colloquially as the Old Bailey,
from the street in which it is situated. Its official status
is the same as that of any other Crown Court.
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